Author Archives: Dr. Li

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About Dr. Li

I am a professional surgeon based in Beijing, China.

What Are the Symptoms of Intestinal Fistula?

An intestinal fistula is an abnormal passage between the bowel and another organ or the skin, allowing digestive fluid, food residue, or stool to leak, producing a spectrum of clinical manifestations. The most common symptom is abdominal pain, usually persistent or colicky, located in the segment where the fistula arises. Diarrhea is frequent, with watery or pasty stools caused by loss of digestive fluid and reduced absorptive surface. Fever indicates accompanying infection, presenting as remittent or sustained high temperature, often with chills. Rapid weight loss with fatigue and poor appetite results from malabsorption and hyper-catabolism. When the tract opens into... Learn more

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What are the symptoms of colon cancer？

Early-stage colon cancer may cause no noticeable discomfort; the most common first clue is a persistent change in bowel habits—diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns lasting more than two weeks. Stools become narrower, pencil-shaped, or are coated with mucus or blood, which may appear dark red or bright red. As the tumor grows, vague lower-abdominal cramping or bloating worsens after meals; if the lumen narrows, colicky pain and progressive distension develop. Systemic features include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, pallor from chronic blood loss, and low-grade fever. A hard, fixed mass may be palpable in the right or left lower quadrant. Perforation... Learn more

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Main Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Adhesions

Intestinal adhesions are fibrous bands that tether loops of bowel to each other or to the abdominal wall, most commonly arising after peritoneal injury from surgery, infection, or radiation. Symptoms reflect the degree of luminal compromise, vascular impedance, and risk of strangulation. Colicky abdominal painIntermittent, cramping pain coincides with peristaltic waves against a fixed point; pain is typically periumbilical or suprapubic and may be relieved transiently by positional change. Distension and tympanyPartial or complete obstruction prevents effective passage of flatus and stool, leading to visible abdominal distension, hyper-resonant percussion, and high-pitched metallic bowel sounds. Nausea and bilious vomitingVomiting becomes faeculent... Learn more

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Main Clinical Manifestations of Lithiasis

Stone disease (lithiasis) encompasses the formation of insoluble concretions within hollow viscera or excretory ducts. The commonest sites are the biliary tree, urinary tract, and salivary glands. Symptoms arise when calculi obstruct luminal flow, provoke spasm, or incite inflammation. Although each organ displays site-specific features, a shared pathophysiological sequence allows recognition of a common clinical pattern. Colicky painSudden, severe, spasmodic pain that builds rapidly, plateaus for minutes to hours, then wanes. It is mediated by smooth-muscle spasm and elevated intraluminal pressure. Location reflects the affected conduit: right upper quadrant (biliary), flank or lower abdomen (urological), or buccal swelling during meals... Learn more

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How are gastrointestinal bezoars diagnosed?

Gastrointestinal bezoars are a common condition both in daily life and in clinical practice. They arise when a person eats foods that readily form concretions; the resulting signs vary with the size and consistency of the mass. Careful, step-by-step evaluation is therefore essential to avoid misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis and the added morbidity these errors entail. Diagnostic work-up HistoryRecent intake of persimmon, hawthorn, or black jujube followed by epigastric pain, repeated vomiting, or melena should raise immediate suspicion. Confirmation is obtained endoscopically and/or radiologically. Laboratory tests Microcytic hypochromic anaemia in some patients Positive faecal occult blood; early stools may contain... Learn more

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