Vas deferens stones are relatively rare in clinical practice and occur mostly in young and middle-aged men. They are often caused by a deficiency of proteolytic enzymes in the seminal fluid. Some patients are asymptomatic, while others may experience hemospermia, painful ejaculation, or urinary discomfort. Diagnosis typically requires imaging techniques such as multislice spiral CT or ultrasound.

Because the stones are located within the vas deferens and generally do not move, many patients do not experience noticeable symptoms. However, if the stone is large or has sharp edges, it may damage the mucosal lining of the vas deferens, leading to bleeding and hemospermia during ejaculation. Due to their hard texture or irregular surface, the stones may shift during ejaculation, irritating surrounding mucosal nerves and causing varying degrees of ejaculatory pain. Some patients may also experience urinary discomfort.

Treatment of vas deferens stones may require surgery. Under combined or general anesthesia, patients are usually placed in the lithotomy position for stone removal. Alternatively, holmium laser lithotripsy can be used to fragment and flush out the stones. If the stones are small, they may be extracted directly using stone forceps or a stone retrieval basket.