Stone disease (lithiasis) encompasses the formation of insoluble concretions within hollow viscera or excretory ducts. The commonest sites are the biliary tree, urinary tract, and salivary glands. Symptoms arise when calculi obstruct luminal flow, provoke spasm, or incite inflammation. Although each organ displays site-specific features, a shared pathophysiological sequence allows recognition of a common clinical pattern. Colicky painSudden, severe, spasmodic pain that builds rapidly, plateaus for minutes to hours, then wanes. It is mediated by smooth-muscle spasm and elevated intraluminal pressure. Location reflects the affected conduit: right upper quadrant (biliary), flank or lower abdomen (urological), or buccal swelling during meals... Learn more