Main Symptoms of Mammary Duct Ectasia

Mammary duct ectasia happens when a milk duct beneath the nipple widens and fills with thick, sticky fluid. It is most common in women aged 40–60 and can mimic more serious breast problems, so knowing its typical signs is helpful. The classic first complaint is a sticky, greenish, brown or black nipple discharge that may stain a bra or be noticed only when the nipple is squeezed. The discharge is usually painless and varies from a few drops to a constant moistness. Many women feel a dull, heavy ache or a burning sensation behind the nipple that can radiate into... Learn more

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Main Symptoms of Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is a persistent inflammatory-fibrosing condition of the pancreas that destroys exocrine and endocrine tissue. Onset is gradual, with pain dominating early stages and maldigestion or diabetes appearing later. Alcohol, smoking, gene variants, and obstructive causes are common triggers. Symptom recognition allows early enzyme replacement, glycaemic control, and intervention for complications. Pain syndromesEpigastric boring pain: radiates straight through to the back, worse 15–30 min after eating or when lying supine; patients often lean forward or sit on the edge of the bed for relief.Flare-ups: acute-on-chronic episodes with intensified pain, nausea, and tachycardia indistinguishable from acute pancreatitis.Pain-free period: up to... Learn more

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Acute Gastritis: How Many Days Until the Stomach Recovers

The time it takes for acute gastritis to return to normal depends on the severity of the condition. Typically, recovery can be expected within two weeks. Acute gastritis is usually caused by improper diet, intake of irritating medications, stress, or trauma, leading to acute damage to the gastric mucosa. Clinical manifestations typically include abdominal pain, acid reflux, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Patients with mild symptoms often recover on their own within 1 to 2 days. For patients with moderate or severe conditions, symptomatic treatment can be administered by following a doctor’s advice, including oral medication or intravenous infusion. Commonly used... Learn more

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Main Symptoms of Chronic Colitis

Chronic colitis is a long-standing inflammatory or ischemic process that damages the colonic mucosa and, in some forms, the deeper layers. It includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn colitis, microscopic colitis, diversion colitis, and chronic ischemic change. Symptoms wax and wane over months to years, and overlap with irritable bowel syndrome is common. Recognising the dominant pattern guides colonoscopic evaluation, histologic confirmation, and tailored therapy. Core lower-gut complaintsPersistent or relapsing diarrhea: loose or watery stools ≥3 days per week for >4 weeks; may be bloody, mucus-laden, or purely watery depending on subtype.Abdominal pain: crampy, colicky, usually left-lower-quadrant, relieved transiently by defecation.Urgency and... Learn more

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Main Clinical Manifestations of Intraductal Papilloma of the Breast

Intraductal papilloma (IDP) is a benign intraductal proliferative lesion arising from the epithelium of the mammary duct system. It occurs most frequently in women aged 30–50 years and may be solitary (central) or multiple (peripheral). Symptom expression correlates with lesion location, size, and the presence of epithelial atypia. Spontaneous nipple dischargeUnilateral, single-duct discharge is the hallmark symptom. Discharge is typically serous, serosanguinous, or frankly bloody; blood-stained fluid reflects torsion or ischaemia of the papillary stalk . Palpable subareolar massA small, firm, mobile nodule may be felt behind the nipple; tenderness is uncommon unless secondary infection or haemorrhage has occurred .... Learn more

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