Breast tumours comprise a spectrum ranging from benign fibro-epithelial lesions to invasive malignancies. Symptom expression reflects histological subtype, anatomical location, and biological behaviour. Early recognition allows accurate triage between conservative follow-up and definitive oncological therapy. Painless palpable massMost tumours present as a discrete, firm nodule with variable mobility. Benign lesions (fibroadenoma) are smooth and slippery; malignant masses display irregular, spiculated borders and may fix to pectoral fascia or skin. Nipple-areolar changesRecent inversion, persistent eczema-like scaling, or spontaneous serosanguinous/bloody discharge suggests underlying malignancy. Ulceration and malodour indicate locally advanced disease. Skin alterationsDimpling along Cooper ligaments, peau d’orange from lymphatic obstruction, and... Learn more