Gastric cancer tertiary prevention involves targeted measures at various stages, which includes causal prevention, early screening, and clinical intervention.
The tertiary prevention of gastric cancer must be integrated throughout the entire course of the disease. Primary prevention focuses on the general population with an emphasis on eliminating carcinogenic factors such as controlling Helicobacter pylori infections, reducing the intake of high-salt preserved foods, and quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption. Secondary prevention targets high-risk individuals, recommending regular gastroscopy, especially for those over 40 with a family history, who should be checked every 1-2 years. Tertiary prevention is aimed at patients who have already been diagnosed, improving their quality of life through standardized treatment and follow-up management, including a comprehensive treatment plan of surgical removal, chemotherapy, and nutritional support. These preventive measures need to be tailored to individual risk factors, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle over the long term is crucial.
Regular eating habits are advised, with a moderate increase in the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and avoiding foods that are too hot to prevent irritation to the gastric mucosa. Moderate exercise helps to boost immunity and maintain a healthy BMI. If experiencing symptoms such as upper abdominal pain and indigestion, seeking medical attention promptly is important, as gastroscopy is an effective means of detecting early changes. High-risk individuals may consider Helicobacter pylori screening and eradication treatment under the guidance of a doctor.
| Prevention Stage | Target Group | Key Measures |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Prevention | General Population | Controlling Helicobacter pylori, reducing high-salt foods, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol |
| Secondary Prevention | High-Risk Individuals | Regular gastroscopy, especially for those over 40 with family history |
| Tertiary Prevention | Diagnosed Patients | Standardized treatment, follow-up management, surgical removal, chemotherapy, nutritional support |
Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that is known to cause gastritis, peptic ulcers, and has been linked to gastric cancer. It is found in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine. The bacteria can be spread through contaminated water or food, or by close contact with an infected person. Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics and acid-lowering medications to eliminate the bacteria and reduce inflammation.
Nutritional Support
Nutritional support is an essential part of managing gastric cancer, especially for patients undergoing treatment. It can help maintain strength, reduce side effects from chemotherapy and radiation, and improve the quality of life. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins is recommended. For those with difficulty swallowing or absorbing nutrients, dietary supplements or tube feedings may be necessary. It is important to work with a dietitian to develop a personalized nutrition plan.
Exercise and Immunity
Moderate exercise plays a significant role in maintaining a healthy immune system. Regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of infections and improve overall health. Exercises such as walking, swimming, or cycling can be beneficial. It’s important to engage in activities that are enjoyable and sustainable in the long term to promote adherence to an exercise routine.
Gastroscopy
Gastroscopy is a procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the stomach and small intestine. It is commonly used to detect early signs of gastric cancer, ulcers, inflammation, and other conditions. During the procedure, a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera is inserted through the mouth and into the stomach. Gastroscopy can also be used to take biopsies or remove polyps if needed.
Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle
A healthy lifestyle includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. These habits can significantly reduce the risk of gastric cancer and other chronic diseases. It’s important to make these changes a part of daily routine to maintain long-term health.