Gastric cancer, a significant health concern, can sometimes develop from certain precancerous conditions. Understanding these conditions is crucial for early detection and prevention. Regular endoscopies and proactive treatments are advised for individuals with these conditions.
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis
Chronic atrophic gastritis results from long-term inflammation leading to gland atrophy in the stomach lining. It may be associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive alcohol consumption, or bile reflux. Patients often experience upper abdominal pain, bloating, and a decrease in appetite. Treatment involves eradicating Helicobacter pylori with a triple therapy of amoxicillin capsules, clarithromycin tablets, and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules. It’s essential to avoid spicy and irritating foods to reduce damage to the stomach lining.
Gastric Ulcers
Gastric ulcers are deep defects in the stomach lining, commonly found in the antrum. Chronic ulcers that do not heal may become malignant, with typical symptoms including postprandial upper abdominal pain and melena. Treatment aims to inhibit gastric acid secretion, with rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets and aluminum hydroxide magnesium chewing tablets used to protect the stomach lining. Patients must quit smoking and drinking, and maintain regular meals to promote ulcer healing.
Gastric Polyps
Gastric polyps are benign tumors protruding from the stomach lining, with adenomatous polyps having a higher risk of canceration. Polyps larger than 2 centimeters or multiple polyps require endoscopic removal. Patients may be asymptomatic, but some may experience upper abdominal discomfort or bleeding. Regular postoperative endoscopies are needed, and the diet should be soft and easily digestible.
Intestinal Metaplasia of the Gastric Mucosa
Intestinal metaplasia of the gastric mucosa is a pathological change where the stomach lining is replaced by intestinal-type epithelium, related to long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation. This condition may gradually progress to dysplasia. Patients need annual endoscopic biopsy monitoring and can be treated with folic acid tablets and selenium yeast tablets. It’s important to control the intake of pickled foods in daily life.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Helicobacter pylori infection is the most significant controllable risk factor for gastric cancer, leading to chronic active gastritis. Standard treatment after diagnosis includes a quadruple therapy with potassium bismuth citrate granules, levofloxacin tablets, and esomeprazole magnesium enteric-coated tablets. Family members should be screened together to avoid cross-infection from sharing utensils.
| Condition | Symptoms | Treatment | Diet and Lifestyle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Atrophic Gastritis | Upper abdominal pain, bloating, decreased appetite | Triple therapy to eradicate H. pylori | Avoid spicy foods, regular meals |
| Gastric Ulcers | Postprandial pain, melena | Inhibition of gastric acid, protect stomach lining | Quit smoking and drinking, regular meals |
| Gastric Polyps | Asymptomatic or upper abdominal discomfort, bleeding | Endoscopic removal, regular postoperative check-ups | Soft and easily digestible diet |
| Intestinal Metaplasia | May be asymptomatic or with symptoms of chronic inflammation | Annual endoscopic biopsy,辅助治疗 with folic acid and selenium | Control intake of pickled foods |
| Helicobacter Pylori Infection | Chronic active gastritis | Quadruple therapy, family screening | Avoid cross-infection by not sharing utensils |
Understanding Gastric Cancer Risks
Gastric cancer risk factors are multifaceted. National Cancer Institute reports that chronic inflammation, a common denominator in precancerous conditions, can lead to cellular changes that may result in cancer. A diet rich in fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended to reduce the risk, as these foods are high in antioxidants and other nutrients that can protect against cellular damage.
Lifestyle and Diet
A well-balanced diet and a regular lifestyle are crucial for managing precancerous conditions. Limiting high-sodium, smoked, and pickled foods can lower the risk of gastric cancer. Regular sleep patterns and avoiding stress are also beneficial for overall health. Moderate exercise can enhance immunity, but vigorous activities should be avoided to prevent stomach discomfort.
Monitoring and Prevention
Individuals with precancerous conditions should establish a regular follow-up plan for endoscopies, typically every 1-2 years. It’s essential to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms worsen or new symptoms emerge. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Physical Activity
Engaging in regular, moderate physical activity can help boost immunity and overall health. It’s important to find activities that are enjoyable and sustainable, such as walking, swimming, or yoga. Exercise can also help reduce stress and improve mood, which are beneficial for mental health and can contribute to a healthier lifestyle.
Diet Recommendations
Dietary recommendations for individuals at risk of gastric cancer include increasing the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber. It’s also advised to limit processed foods, which can contain high levels of salt and preservatives that may contribute to inflammation and cancer risk.