Stomach cancer, a complex disease, often results from the interplay of various factors, including lifestyle choices. Here’s an in-depth look at how certain behaviors can contribute to the development of stomach cancer.
Long-Term Smoking and Alcohol Consumption
Nicotine and tar from tobacco can stimulate the secretion of stomach acid, disrupting the protective barrier of the gastric mucosa. Alcohol, on the other hand, directly irritates the stomach lining and interferes with cell repair. Engaging in such habits for over a decade can significantly increase the risk of stomach cancer. To mitigate this risk, individuals should gradually quit smoking and drinking. Those with stomach lining damage may be prescribed medications like aluminum carbonate chewable tablets and rebamipide tablets to protect the mucosal barrier.
High-Salt and Preserved Diet
Consuming over 10 grams of salt daily or frequently eating preserved foods can lead to edema and necrosis of the gastric mucosa due to the high concentration of salt. Nitrites in these foods can transform into carcinogens in the stomach. It is advised to switch to fresh ingredients in the diet. In cases of chronic gastritis, medication such as colloidal bismuth subcitrate capsules and teprenone capsules may be used in conjunction with dietary changes.
Helicobacter pylori Infection
Sharing meals and consuming unclean food can lead to infection by Helicobacter pylori. The bacteria’s urease and vacuolating toxin can induce chronic gastritis and even intestinal metaplasia. Those diagnosed with the infection should undergo a standard quadruple therapy using amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate, clarithromycin, and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules to eradicate the infection.
Genetic Predisposition
Individuals with a family history of stomach cancer who also smoke or are infected with certain pathogens are at a higher risk. Carriers of the CDH1 gene mutation should undergo regular gastroscopy. People in this group should strictly control other risk factors and may consider prophylactic gastrectomy if necessary.
Chronic Psychological Stress
Persistent anxiety and depression might disrupt the regulation of stomach acid secretion and suppress immune function through neuroendocrine mechanisms. Behavioral interventions include regular routines and psychological counseling. For those experiencing stomach pain and acid reflux, short-term use of lansoprazole enteric-coated tablets and metoclopramide hydrochloride capsules may help regulate these symptoms.
| Factor | Influence on Stomach Cancer | Recommendations |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking and Alcohol | Increases risk by damaging stomach lining and disrupting cell repair. | Gradual cessation and mucosal protection medication if needed. |
| High-Salt Diet | Leads to gastric mucosa edema and potential carcinogen formation. | Switch to fresh ingredients and medication for gastritis if chronic. |
| Helicobacter pylori Infection | Can cause chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. | Quadruple therapy for eradication. |
| Genetic Predisposition | Higher risk with combined behaviors like smoking or infection. | Regular monitoring and control of other risk factors. |
| Chronic Psychological Stress | Disrupts acid secretion and immune function. | Behavioral changes, counseling, and short-term medication for symptoms. |
Preventing stomach cancer involves establishing a low-salt, fresh diet, avoiding moldy or overheated food, and regular screening for Helicobacter pylori. Individuals over 40 with a family history or persistent gastric discomfort are advised to have gastroscopy every 1-2 years for early detection, which can lead to radical treatment through endoscopic resection. Maintaining regular meal times and moderate post-meal activity aids gastrointestinal motility. Unexplained weight loss or symptoms like black stools require immediate medical attention.
Smoking and Alcohol
While quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption are crucial steps in reducing the risk of stomach cancer, it’s also important to be aware of their other health impacts. Smoking is a leading cause of lung cancer and other respiratory diseases, and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and a range of other health issues.
High-Salt Diet
A high-salt diet not only poses a risk for stomach cancer but also contributes to high blood pressure and heart disease. Reducing salt intake is a simple yet effective way to improve overall health.
Helicobacter pylori Infection
Awareness about Helicobacter pylori infection is key, as early detection and treatment can prevent the development of serious gastric issues. Proper hygiene and food safety practices are essential in preventing infection.
Genetic Predisposition
Understanding one’s genetic risk for stomach cancer can help individuals make informed decisions about their health. Regular check-ups and discussions with healthcare providers about genetic testing can provide valuable insights into personal risk.
Chronic Psychological Stress
While chronic stress can have a negative impact on health, including the risk of stomach cancer, there are various strategies to manage stress effectively. Incorporating relaxation techniques, regular exercise, and a healthy diet can help mitigate the effects of stress on the body.