Category Archives: General Surgery

What Are the Symptoms of Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening toxin-mediated neurological disease that usually begins 48 hours to 2 weeks after Clostridium tetani spores enter a wound. Classic symptoms progress in a descending pattern: Lockjaw (trismus)Stiffness and painful spasms of the jaw muscles make it hard to open the mouth, eat, or speak; this is often the first sign . Facial and neck rigidityFixed “sardonic” smile (risus sardonicus) and difficulty swallowing develop as facial and pharyngeal muscles are recruited . Generalized muscle spasmsParoxysmal, painful contractions spread to the trunk and limbs; minor stimuli such as noise, light, or touch can trigger spasms that last seconds... Learn more

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What Are the Symptoms of Linea Alba Hernia (White-Line Hernia)

A linea alba hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a defect in the midline tendinous seam of the abdominal wall, most commonly at or just above the umbilicus. Because the defect is small and lies between the rectus muscles, symptoms are often subtle but may include: Midline bulgeA soft, round or fusiform swelling appears along the midline when standing, coughing, or performing sit-ups; it reduces spontaneously when supine. Local discomfort or acheA dull, pulling pain is felt precisely at the defect, especially after prolonged standing, lifting, or core exercise; it is relieved by rest and manual pressure. Tenderness on palpationPressure... Learn more

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What Are the Symptoms of Hernia

A hernia occurs when tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Symptoms vary by type and severity, but common shared features include: Visible or palpable bulgeThe hallmark sign is a lump that appears while standing, coughing, or straining and often disappears when lying down . Local discomfort or painAching, burning, or dragging pain at the site, especially when bending, lifting, or at the end of the day; usually relieved by rest . Heaviness or pressureA sense of weight in the groin, abdomen, or scrotum that increases with prolonged standing or exercise . Cough impulseThe... Learn more

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What Are the Symptoms of Lymphatic Diseases

Lymphatic diseases cover any disorder that impairs lymph-vessel drainage or nodal function. The most common manifestation is lymphedema—chronic swelling of body tissues—but other signs vary with cause (infection, tumours, trauma, malformation). Typical features include: Pitting or non-pitting swellingProtein-rich fluid collects in the sub-cutis, producing enlargement of the limb, face, genitals or trunk; early swelling pits with pressure, later becomes hard and non-pitting . Heaviness and tightnessPatients describe a constant “weight” or bursting sensation in the affected part, worse toward evening and relieved only by elevation or compression. Reduced range of motionSwelling around joints limits flexion and walking; long-standing disease leads... Learn more

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What Are the Symptoms of Chronic Lymphadenitis

Chronic lymphadenitis is a prolonged, low-grade inflammation of lymph nodes, usually lasting more than six weeks. It often follows inadequately treated acute infections, mycobacterial disease, or persistent immune stimulation. Typical features include: Painless or mildly tender rubbery nodesLymph nodes enlarge slowly to 1–3 cm, feel firm but not hard, and remain mobile beneath the skin. Persistent swelling without rednessOverlying skin looks normal; heat, erythema, and fluctuation are absent unless secondary infection occurs. Waxing and waning courseNodes may reduce slightly between flares but never return to baseline size, especially after minor upper-respiratory infections. Mild systemic symptomsLow-grade evening fever, easy fatigability, or... Learn more

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