Author Archives: Dr. Li

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About Dr. Li

I am a professional surgeon based in Beijing, China.

Main Symptoms of Arteriovenous Fistula

An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal tunnel between an artery and a vein. Blood takes the short cut, so the downstream vein bulges and the upstream artery can steal blood from other organs. Symptoms depend on size and location, but most show up as a warm, humming lump. Pulsing lump is the headline. You feel a rhythmic thump under the skin, usually in the wrist, groin, or upper arm. Warm skin follows. The area over the fistula feels warmer than the opposite side because extra blood is rushing through. Swelling appears. The vein below the fistula bulges like a garden... Learn more

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Main Symptoms of Arterial Disease

Arterial disease means the pipes that carry oxygen-rich blood are narrowed, blocked, or inflamed. Because every organ depends on these highways, symptoms show up wherever the traffic jam forms. Cramping pain on effort is the classic red flag. Calves, thighs, or buttocks ache after a block or two of walking and stop within minutes of rest. Cold, pale skin follows. One foot feels cooler, looks whiter, and tans less than the other. Weak pulse is easy to check. The artery at your ankle or wrist feels faint compared with the other side. Numbness or tingling crops up. Toes or fingers... Learn more

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Main Symptoms of Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (KT) is a rare birth defect that gives one limb too many veins, too few lymph channels, and extra bone growth. Signs usually show up in infancy and stick around for life. Port-wine stain is the headline. A flat, pink-to-purple birthmark wraps around the outer thigh or buttock on the affected leg. Vein overgrowth follows. Ropey varicose veins pop out early—sometimes before the child can walk—and get thicker with age. Leg swelling is common. The limb feels heavy and puffy by day, and socks leave deep grooves at the ankle. Length difference shows up next. One leg grows... Learn more

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Main Symptoms of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a catch-all term for narrowed or blocked arteries and veins outside the heart and brain. Think of it as traffic jams in the vessels that feed your limbs—usually the legs. Cramping calf pain is the classic red flag. It hits after a block or two of walking and forces you to stop until the ache fades (called claudication). Cold or pale skin shows up early. One foot feels cooler than the other, and socks never seem warm enough. Color changes appear. The foot turns pale when elevated and dusky red when hanging down. Numbness or... Learn more

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Main Symptoms of Arterial Embolism

An arterial embolism is a clot that suddenly jams a downstream artery, cutting off oxygen to the limb or organ it feeds. Symptoms appear fast—often within minutes to an hour. Sudden pain is the headline. It feels like a deep, severe cramp or “charley horse” that hits without warning and doesn’t ease with stretching. Pale or white skin follows. The limb loses its pink color and looks “washed out” compared to the other side. Cold to the touch is classic. The skin feels cool or even cold when you lay your hand on it. Weak or absent pulse shows up.... Learn more

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