How Did You Catch Gastroenteritis?

a plain-language professional brief Gastroenteritis doesn’t “fall from the sky.” It happens when the lining of your stomach and intestines is overwhelmed by one or more “attack factors.” Below are the common routes and culprits, followed by a one-page table so you can spot your own risk points at a glance. 1. Microbes: public enemy No. 1 Viruses – norovirus, rotavirus, adenovirus; spread faeco-orally or by droplets; famous for cruise-ship, school or nursing-home outbreaks. Bacteria – Salmonella, pathogenic E. coli, Shigella, Campylobacter; linked to under-cooked poultry, eggs, raw seafood or contaminated water. Parasites – Giardia, Cryptosporidium; hide in wild water,... Learn more

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Why You May Suddenly Become Constipated After Years of Regularity

1. Poor toilet habits Repeatedly ignoring the urge or “holding it in” lowers rectal sensitivity. Distractions (phones) or bad posture on the toilet weaken the defecation reflex. 2. Diet & fluid changes Low-calorie or low-residue diets, or < 25 g fibre day, reduce stool bulk. Drinking < 500–1 000 mL day lets the colon re-absorb too much water → hard, dry stool. 3. Sedentary lifestyle Long hours of sitting / bed rest lower abdominal-wall tone and colonic high-amplitude contractions → slow-transit constipation. 4. Stress & mood Anxiety, depression or high stress act through the brain–gut–microbiome axis to slow colonic motility... Learn more

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What are the symptoms of a gastric ulcer?

Symptoms of gastric ulcer are highly variable.The most typical is a burning epigastric pain that usually begins 30–60 min after meals and may last from a few minutes to several hours.Patients often report accompanying dyspepsia, weight loss, nausea or vomiting, and complications such as bleeding or perforation may occur.Severity parallels ulcer depth; some individuals have no symptoms (“silent ulcer”), while others present initially with haemorrhage or perforation. Typical pain characteristics Onset: 0.5–1 h post-prandial Relief: temporary with antacids Duration: minutes to hours Pattern: recurs over days or weeks Associated symptoms Post-prandial fullness, early satiety, belching Loss of appetite and unexplained... Learn more

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What are the symptoms of gastritis?

Gastritis can be divided into acute and chronic forms. The symptoms are as follows: Acute gastritis Pain: usually epigastric, described as colicky, dull, or burning; may be severe or mild. Nausea and vomiting: often the main reason for seeking care; retching can be intense even when little is vomited. Other dyspeptic symptoms: upper-abdominal fullness, belching, hypersalivation, and early satiety. Chronic gastritis Neuropsychiatric features: some patients report nervous tension, irritability, insomnia, palpitations, or poor memory; these symptoms may exacerbate the gastric complaints and create a vicious cycle. Upper-abdominal discomfort and fullness: typically worse after meals and minimal when fasting; patients feel... Learn more

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Main Clinical Manifestations of Intestinal Adhesions

Intestinal adhesions are fibrous bands that tether loops of bowel to each other or to the abdominal wall, most commonly arising after peritoneal injury from surgery, infection, or radiation. Symptoms reflect the degree of luminal compromise, vascular impedance, and risk of strangulation. Colicky abdominal painIntermittent, cramping pain coincides with peristaltic waves against a fixed point; pain is typically periumbilical or suprapubic and may be relieved transiently by positional change. Distension and tympanyPartial or complete obstruction prevents effective passage of flatus and stool, leading to visible abdominal distension, hyper-resonant percussion, and high-pitched metallic bowel sounds. Nausea and bilious vomitingVomiting becomes faeculent... Learn more

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