An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue, such as part of the intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles in the groin area. The symptoms can vary depending on the size and type of hernia, but commonly include the following:
- Visible or palpable bulge
A soft swelling appears in the groin, often more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining. It may disappear when lying down . - Discomfort or pain
Patients may feel a dull ache, heaviness, or burning sensation in the groin, especially when bending, lifting, or coughing. Pain may also radiate to the scrotum in males . - Groin pressure or weakness
A sensation of pressure or weakness in the groin area is common, particularly after prolonged standing or physical activity . - Gastrointestinal symptoms
Some individuals may experience bloating, constipation, or nausea, especially if the hernia is affecting bowel function . - Swelling in the scrotum
In males, the hernia may extend into the scrotum, causing swelling, discomfort, or a feeling of fullness in the testicles . - Signs of incarceration or strangulation
If the hernia becomes trapped and cannot be pushed back, it may lead to incarceration. Symptoms include severe pain, tenderness, and a firm, irreducible bulge. If blood flow is cut off (strangulation), symptoms worsen to include fever, nausea, vomiting, and redness or discoloration of the bulge. This is a medical emergency .
| Symptom / Sign | Description |
|---|---|
| Bulge in groin | Enlarges with effort, may reduce when lying down |
| Pain or discomfort | Aching, burning, or pressure in the groin |
| Scrotal swelling (men) | Swelling or pain in the scrotum |
| GI symptoms | Bloating, constipation, nausea |
| Incarceration | Irreducible, tender, possible obstruction |
| Strangulation | Severe pain, red/purple skin, fever, vomiting, no bowel movement or gas |