External abdominal hernia refers to protrusion of peritoneum and abdominal contents through a congenital or acquired defect in the abdominal wall. Its manifestations vary with type and stage but usually share several core features. Visible or palpable lumpA soft bulge appears at the hernia site—most commonly the groin, umbilicus, or a previous surgical scar—and enlarges on standing, coughing, or straining; it may reduce or disappear when the patient lies down . Local discomfortPatients often report a dull ache, heaviness, or dragging sensation that worsens with prolonged standing or physical exertion and eases at rest . Gastro-intestinal symptomsWhen bowel is partially... Learn more