Tag Archives: erythema

Main Clinical Manifestations of Mastitis

Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the breast parenchyma, most frequently infectious in the lactational period and non-infectious or duct-centric in non-lactational settings. Recognition of its characteristic features permits prompt antimicrobial therapy and prevents progression to abscess formation. Painful indurationA localized, wedge-shaped area of firm, tender tissue develops rapidly, often in the upper outer quadrant. Pain is throbbing and exacerbated by movement or nursing. Erythema and oedemaBrilliant erythema with irregular borders spreads centrifugally; peau d’orange change reflects dermal lymphatic obstruction and interstitial oedema. Pyrexia and systemic responseTemperature ≥ 38.5 °C with chills, myalgia, and tachycardia indicates bacterial infection; rigors suggest... Learn more

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Main Clinical Manifestations of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer arises from the terminal duct-lobular unit and may remain in-situ or invade surrounding tissue. Symptom patterns reflect tumour biology, anatomical location, and host response. Early recognition improves oncological outcome; therefore, any new, persistent breast change warrants triple assessment. Painless palpable massA solitary, firm-to-hard nodule with irregular or spiculated borders is most common. Fixation to pectoral fascia or skin reduces mobility and creates tethering. Nipple-areolar changesRecent nipple inversion, persistent eczematous scaling (Paget disease), or spontaneous serosanguinous/bloody discharge indicates underlying malignancy. Ulceration or fungation denotes locally advanced disease. Skin alterationsDimpling along Cooper ligaments, peau d’orange from lymphatic obstruction, or erythematous... Learn more

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