Tag Archives: dark urine

Main Clinical Manifestations of Bile-Duct Stones

Choledocholithiasis denotes the presence of calculi within the extra- or intrahepatic bile ducts. Symptoms arise when a stone obstructs flow, triggers inflammation, or provokes infection. The presentation ranges from silent imaging findings to life-threatening sepsis. Biliary colicEpigastric or right-upper-quadrant pain begins 30–60 min post-prandially, peaks for ≥30 min, and radiates to the inter-scapular region or right shoulder. Movement does not relieve the discomfort, and analgesics are often required. Nausea and vomitingGastric stasis and vagal reflexes produce repeated retching that may transiently lessen pain. Fluctuating jaundiceIntermittent elevation of conjugated bilirubin produces scleral icterus, dark urine, and clay-coloured stools that wax and... Learn more

Related articles：

  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Extrahepatic Bile-Duct Stones
  2. How is bile-duct stone disease treated?
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Cholangitis
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Biliary Tract Diseases
  6. Main Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Cholecystitis

Main Clinical Manifestations of Cholangitis

Cholangitis denotes acute bacterial infection within the biliary tree, most commonly precipitated by obstruction from stones, strictures, or neoplasia. The spectrum ranges from mild ductal inflammation to life-threatening sepsis. Recognition of its cardinal features guides urgent biliary decompression and antimicrobial therapy. Complication warningsPersistent fever despite antibiotics, uncontrolled hypotension, or new-onset renal dysfunction suggests progressive sepsis and requires urgent endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage. Charcot triadIntermittent high spiking fever with rigors, constant right-upper-quadrant pain, and conjugated hyper-bilirubinaemia constitute the classical presentation seen in ~70 % of patients with incomplete or partial obstruction. Reynolds pentadAddition of hypotension (systolic BP < 90 mmHg)... Learn more

Related articles：

  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Bile-Duct Stones
  2. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Extrahepatic Bile-Duct Stones
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Biliary Tract Diseases
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Biliary Malformations
  6. Main Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Cholecystitis