Author Archives: Dr. Li

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About Dr. Li

I am a professional surgeon based in Beijing, China.

Main Symptoms of Bladder Tumor

Bladder tumors grow quietly inside the bladder lining. Most are found early because they bleed long before they hurt. Painless blood is the hallmark. Urine may turn light pink, bright red, or contain small clots—often on and off, so many blame a simple infection. Urgency and frequency climb. You dash every hour, yet only a small amount comes out each time, and the urge returns fast. Stream changes show late. The flow becomes thin, forked, or stops and starts if the tumor blocks the urethra. Pelvic pressure or a dull ache above the pubic bone can appear as the tumor... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Bladder Stones

Bladder stones are hard crystals that form when urine sits too long or becomes too concentrated. They act like gravel in a fish tank, scraping the bladder wall every time it moves. The star symptom is sudden pain at the end of urination. A deep cramp hits when the bladder squeezes the stone against the wall, and it can shoot to the tip of the penis or the lower back. Urgency and frequency climb. You dash every hour, yet only a small, stop-start amount comes out. Blood appears. The urine may look light pink, or you see a few red... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Bladder Fistula

A bladder fistula is an abnormal tunnel between the bladder and another organ (bowel, vagina, or skin). Urine takes the side exit, so leaks and infections are the daily norm. The star sign is extra leakage. You finish voiding, then notice a steady drip from the vagina, rectum, or a small hole on the lower belly. Urine in the vagina or stool in the urine is a dead giveaway. Panty-liners smell like ammonia, or gas bubbles come out when you pee. Recurrent urine infections loop back. Burning, urgency, and cloudiness return days after each antibiotic course. Skin around the opening... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Bladder Diverticulum

A bladder diverticulum is a pouch that bulges out from the bladder wall. It acts like a spare pocket, trapping urine and letting bacteria set up camp. The first hint is a weak, stop-start stream. You push to start, the flow dies, then returns in short bursts. Urgency and frequency climb. Because the pouch never fully empties, the bladder refills fast—hourly trips day and night. Double-voiding becomes routine. You finish, feel relief, then need to go again five minutes later to empty the pouch. Leakage between trips is common. Small spurts escape when you stand, cough, or roll over in... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Bladder Exstrophy

Bladder exstrophy is a birth defect in which the front wall of the bladder and lower belly did not close, leaving the inside of the bladder exposed on the skin. It is spotted at birth and affects how urine leaves the body. The main sign is an open bladder plate. A bright red, wet patch of bladder lining sits on the lower belly instead of being inside the pelvis. Urine leaks constantly. Drops dribble from the exposed plate onto the skin, so the baby’s diaper is wet even before the first normal pee. The pubic bones are spread apart, so... Learn more