Biliary tract diseases encompass a spectrum of disorders affecting the gallbladder, cystic duct, and extra- or intra-hepatic bile ducts. Symptoms arise from obstruction, inflammation, infection, or neoplastic change, and often overlap among entities such as cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, and cholangiocarcinoma. Recognition of characteristic patterns guides timely imaging and intervention. Biliary colicParoxysmal, post-prandial pain located in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant, radiating to the inter-scapular region or right shoulder, peaking over ≥30 min and resolving spontaneously within 6 h. Nausea and vomitingVagal stimulation and gastric compression produce repeated retching that may transiently relieve pain. Fluctuating or progressive jaundiceConjugated hyper-bilirubinaemia manifests... Learn more