Stomach-ache is not just “tummy hurt”. The same spot can mean opposite diseases depending on how the pain feels and what comes with it. Here is a rapid field-map. 1. Map by quadrant Epigastrium: stomach, duodenum, gall-bladder, liver, pancreas Peri-umbilical: small bowel, early appendix, mesenteric nodes Right lower: appendix, right adnexa, right ureter Left lower: sigmoid colon, left adnexa, left ureter Flank / back: kidneys, retro-peritoneum Diffuse: obstruction, peritonitis, metabolic or functional disorders 2. Listen to the “voice” of pain Colicky (waves): spasm of hollow viscus – gastro-enteritis, stones, early obstruction Burning / dull: mucosal lesion – gastritis, reflux Sudden... Learn more