Main Symptoms of Obstructive Hydrocephalus

Obstructive hydrocephalus happens when spinal fluid is blocked inside the brain, so pressure rises quickly. Symptoms can appear within hours in adults, or within days in babies. The hallmark is a sudden, pounding headache that is worse in the morning or when bending forward. Coughing or sneezing can feel like a hammer hit inside the skull. Nausea and vomiting follow the headache, often with little warning. A person may throw up and feel better for a short time, then the sickness returns. Vision blurs at the edges first, like looking through a tunnel. Lights can seem too bright, and quick... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Lissencephaly

Lissencephaly means “smooth brain.” The normal folds are missing or very shallow, so the surface looks almost flat. This rare change is usually spotted before birth or soon after delivery. Head size may be smaller than expected at birth, but some babies start with a normal head that grows slowly, slipping down the growth chart by three to six months. Muscle tone is often low at first. Infants feel floppy when lifted, and feeding can be weak, leading to long, sleepy feeds and slow weight gain. Seizures commonly start in the first weeks of life. They may look like brief... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation

In cerebellar tonsillar herniation, the lowest part of the cerebellum slips down through the hole at the base of the skull. This crowding can squeeze nearby nerves and block spinal-fluid flow, producing a mix of head, neck, and nerve symptoms that often start mild and worsen with time. Headache is the most common complaint. It sits at the back of the head and upper neck, pounding or pressure-like, and grows worse with coughing, sneezing, or bending forward. Neck pain and stiffness follow the same track. Many patients feel a constant “pull” or cramp that makes it hard to look up... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Microcephaly

Microcephaly means a baby’s head is much smaller than expected for age and sex. The difference is usually clear at birth or shows up during the first two years of life. The most visible sign is the head size itself. When measured, the distance around the skull falls below the third percentile on standard growth charts. A small head can make the face look larger and the back of the head flatter. Fontanelles—the soft spots—may close early, and forehead slope can seem pronounced. Development often slows. Sitting, crawling, or walking may arrive late. Some children need extra help with speech... Learn more

Main Symptoms of Atlantoaxial Dislocation

The atlantoaxial joint sits at the very top of the neck, right under the skull. When the first two vertebrae slip out of line, the body sends loud, clear warnings. Neck pain is the first and most constant clue. It feels deep, like a rod poking upward from the base of the head, and gets worse with the slightest nod or turn. Headache follows the same track, wrapping around the back of the head and behind the eyes. Coughing or sneezing can shoot sharp pain up the scalp. Neck motion stiffens. You may find yourself turning your whole body instead... Learn more