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Main Clinical Manifestations of Acute Cholecystitis

Acute cholecystitis is acute inflammation of the gall-bladder wall, initiated most often by cystic-duct obstruction with secondary bacterial infection. The clinical picture evolves over hours, and recognition of its characteristic features guides early imaging, antibiotic therapy, and timely surgical intervention. Right-upper-quadrain painPersistent, often severe pain begins beneath the costal margin, may radiate to the right scapula or inter-scapular region, and is exacerbated by deep inspiration or movement. Pain typically lasts > 6 h and is unrelenting. Murphy signInspiratory arrest elicited by palpation of the right upper quadrant during deep inspiration is a reliable physical finding; a positive Murphy sign has... Learn more

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  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Cholecystitis
  2. Main Clinical Manifestations of Extrahepatic Bile-Duct Stones
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Abscess
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Ascites
  6. Main Clinical Manifestations of Lithiasis

Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Ascites

Ascites is the pathological accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity secondary to portal hypertension, hypoalbuminaemia and sodium retention. In patients with chronic liver disease it marks the transition from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis. The severity ranges from mild, detected only by imaging, to gross, producing marked physical and metabolic disturbances. Metabolic disturbancesHyponatraemia, muscle cramps and hypervolaemic dilutional anaemia reflect advanced renal sodium retention and impaired free-water clearance. Progressive abdominal distensionPainless increase in girth is usually the first complaint; patients note tight clothing, difficulty bending forward, and a sensation of heaviness in the flanks. Shifting dullness and fluid thrillOn percussion,... Learn more

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  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
  2. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Abscess
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Rupture
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Extrahepatic Bile-Duct Stones
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Acute Cholecystitis
  6. Main Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Cholecystitis

Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Abscess

Hepatic abscess is a focal collection of pus within the liver parenchyma, most frequently bacterial (pyogenic) or amoebic in origin. Clinical expression reflects the host response, abscess size, number, and the presence of systemic dissemination. Recognition of the evolving pattern is essential for early drainage and antimicrobial therapy. High-grade fever with rigorsSpiking temperature > 38.5 °C, often accompanied by chills and profuse sweating, is the hallmark of intrahepatic infection and may precede localising symptoms by several days. Right-upper-quadrain painA constant dull ache or pleuritic pain under the costal margin is typical; larger abscesses produce a boring sensation that radiates to... Learn more

Related articles：

  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
  2. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Ascites
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Rupture
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Extrahepatic Bile-Duct Stones
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Acute Cholecystitis
  6. What Are the Symptoms of Psoas Abscess

Main Clinical Manifestations of Extrahepatic Bile-Duct Stones

Extrahepatic bile-duct stones (choledocholithiasis) are most frequently cholesterol calculi that have migrated from the gallbladder, or primary pigment stones that form de novo within the common bile duct. Symptoms depend on the degree of obstruction, the presence of infection, and the duration of bile stasis. Biliary colicEpigastric or right-upper-quadrain pain begins 30–60 min after a fatty meal, builds steadily for ≥30 min, may last several hours, and radiates to the right scapula or inter-scapular region. Movement does not relieve the discomfort, and antacids are ineffective. Nausea and vomitingGastric stasis and vagal reflexes produce repeated retching that may transiently lessen pain.... Learn more

Related articles：

  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Bile-Duct Stones
  2. How is bile-duct stone disease treated?
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Acute Cholecystitis
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Abscess
  6. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Ascites

Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Hydatid Disease

Hepatic hydatid disease (hepatic echinococcosis) is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus or E. multilocularis. Its presentation is dictated by cyst number, size, location, integrity, and associated complications. Many patients remain asymptomatic for years; symptoms emerge only when growing cysts exert a mass effect, rupture, or become secondarily infected. Pain and right-upper-quadrant discomfortA constant dull ache or sensation of fullness develops beneath the costal margin as the cyst expands or stretches Glisson’s capsule; sudden sharp pain heralds cyst rupture or intracystic haemorrhage. Palpable hepatic massInspection reveals asymmetric abdominal bulging; palpation detects a smooth, resilient, ballotable... Learn more

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  1. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Abscess
  2. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Ascites
  3. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hepatic Rupture
  4. Main Clinical Manifestations of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
  5. Main Clinical Manifestations of Congenital Biliary Malformations
  6. Main Clinical Manifestations of Acute Cholecystitis